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2-10: Climate Variability (El Niño, La Niña)

Short Summaries of Recent Research

• El Niño in a Hotter Climate
  
  
• More Hurricanes?
  
  
• El Niño Responses to Volcanoes
  
  
• African Droughts Increase Dust in the Caribbean
  
  
• Corals Record a Long History of El Niño
  
  
• Extreme Rainfall and Flood Risk in Europe
  
  
• Climate Surprises Triggered by Crossing Threshold
  
  
• Abrupt Climate Change - Present and Future
  
  
• Excess Greenhouse Gases may be Responsible for Drought
  
  
• Climate fluctuations introduce complex ecosystem changes
  
  
• The 1990-1995 El Niño-Southern Oscillation event: Longest on record.
  
  

Websites

• Case Study: El Niño 1997-1998 in the Midwest (PDF)
  
  
• Sea Engulfing Alaskan Village
  
  
• Ocean Surface Topography from Space
  
  
• El Niño/La Niña Websites
  
  
• ENSO Homepage From Climate Diagnostics Center - NOAA.
  
  
• El Niño and global warming: What's the connection?
  
  
• NOAA home page
  
  
• NOAA/PMEL TOGA-TAO Home Page: TOGA-TAO Observing Array in the Tropical Pacific.
  
  
• What is an El Niño? (from NOAA)
  
  
• Environmental and Societal Impacts Group
  
  
• El Niño, La Niña harming water quality along North Carolina coast
  
  
• La Niña puts a new twist on tornado season
  
  
• El Niño bibliography developed by Florida State University library
  
  
• El Niño resource page
  
  
• El Niño Theme Page
  
  
• El Niño Websites in Spanish.
  
  
• Sea Surface Temperature from 1981 to Present
  
  

Additional References

• Laxon, S., N. Peacock, and D. Smith, 2003: High interannual variability of sea ice thickness in the Arctic region. Nature, 425, 947-950.
  
  
• Adams, R.M., L.L. Houston, B.A. McCarl, L.M. Tiscareno, G. Matus, and R.F. Weiher, 2003: The benefits to Mexican agriculture of an El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) early warning system. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 115, 183-194.
  
  
• Chavez, F. P., J. Ryan, S.E. Lluch-Cota, and M. Niquen C., 2003: From anchovies to sardines and back: Multidecadal change in the Pacific Ocean. Science, 299, 217-221.
  
  
• Bard, E., 2002: Climate shock: Abrupt changes over millennial time scales. Physics Today, 55, 32-38.
  
  
• Moy, C. M., G. O. Seltzer, D. T. Rodbell, and D. M. Anderson, 2002: Variability of El Niño/Southern Oscillation activity at millennial timescales during the Holocene epoch. Nature, 420, 162-165.
  
  
• Urban, R. E., J. E. Cole, and J. T. Overpeck, 2000: Influence of mean climate change on climate variability from a 155-year tropical Pacific coral record. Nature, 407, 989-993.
  
  
• Knutson, T. R., R. E. Tuleya, and Y. Kurihara, 1998: Simulated increase of hurricane intensities in a CO2 -warmed climate. Science, 279, 1018-1020.
  
  
• McGowan, J. A., D. R. Cayan, and L. M. Dorman, 1998: Climate-ocean variability and ecosystem response in the northeast Pacific. Science, 281, 210-217.
  
  
• Mayewski, P. A., M. S. Twickler, S. I. Whitlow, L. D. Meeker, Q. Yang, J. Thomas, K. Kruetz, P. M. Grootes, D. L. Morse, D. J. Steig, E. D. Waddington, E. S. Saltzman, P.-Y. Whung, and K. C. Taylor, 1996: Climate change during the last deglaciation in Antarctica. Science, 272.
  
  
• Allan, R., 1996: El Niño, Southern Oscillations and Climate Variability. CSIRO Publication.
  
  
• Leetmaa, Ants, 1990: The interplay of El Niño and La Niña. Oceanus 32, 30-34.
  
  
• Houghton, J.T., G.J. Jenkins, J.J. Ephraums, eds, 1990: 1990 Intergovernment Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, 223-233.
  
  
• El Niño 3-D sketch